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Version du 19 mars 2012 à 02:49

Chautauqua (Sh?-TAW-kw?) was an grownup instruction movements in the usa, extremely popular with the late nineteenth and early twentieth ages. Chautauqua assemblies expanded and disperse in the course of rural America until such time as the mid-1920s. The Chautauqua brought entertainment and culture for the complete neighborhood, with speakers, instructors, musicians, entertainers, preachers and specialists with the day.[1] Previous U.S. President Theodore Roosevelt was quoted as saying that Chautauqua is "the most American factor in the usa."[2] H.L. Mencken applied the term "chautauqua" (lower circumstance) to refer a lot more ordinarily to a herd of clumsy writers: "When they essay to be jocose, the consequence is commonly simply just an elephantine whimsicality, by chautauqua out of the Atlantic Regular monthly."

The Mom Chautauqua

The 1st Chautauqua, the newest York Chautauqua Assembly, was arranged in 1874 by Methodist minister John Heyl Vincent and businessman Lewis Miller at a campsite over the shores of Chautauqua Lake in The big apple Condition. Two decades before, Vincent, editor with the Sunday University Journal, experienced begun to train Sunday college teachers in an out of doors summer months school format. The gatherings grew in recognition. The firm started by Vincent and Miller later on became named the Chautauqua Establishment. It absolutely was described as the Mother Chautauqua, mainly because many impartial, or "daughter" Chautauquas ended up made beneath the exact manner.[3]

Impartial Chautauquas (or "daughter Chautauquas") operated at long lasting amenities, in most cases fashioned after the Chautauqua Institute in Ny. This kind of a Chautauqua was frequently crafted in a sexy semi-rural site a short length external an established town with excellent rail service. In the peak from the Chautauqua motion with the nineteen twenties, a couple of hundred of those existed, but their figures have considering that dwindled.

A minimum of three Unbiased Chautauquas have operated continuously within the 1920s in to the 21st century; if Chautauqua is construed to include camp conferences and Sunday College Assemblies, the selection is greater. See 21st century Chautauquas. An addition to the record is a Pennsylvania Chautauqua in Mt. Gretna PA, functioning continuously as 1892. Circuit Chautauquas

"Circuit Chautauquas" (or colloquially, Tent Chautauquas) have been an itinerant manifestation on the Chautauqua movements. The system might be offered in tents pitched "on a well-drained field near city." After a lot of times, the Chautauqua would fold its tents and go forward. The strategy of arranging a number of touring Chautauquas is attributed to Keith Vawter, a Redpath Lyceum Bureau manager.[4] Amid early Redpath comedians was Boob Brasfield.

The popularity on the Chautauqua movement will be attributed partly towards social and geographic isolation of American farming and ranching communities. Persons in these locations would effortlessly be hungry for schooling, tradition and enjoyment, additionally, the Chautauqua Motion was a timely reaction to that demand during the late nineteenth century and early twentieth century. Nevertheless, by transform with the century, other entertainment and academic chances, like as radio and movies, began to arrive in American cities to compete with Chautauqua lectures. Aided by the introduction of tv and also automobile, individuals could now see or journey to cultural activities previously on the market only in urban regions, and the Chautauqua Movement dropped acceptance. Within the nineteen sixties, activists held teach-ins as portion of their protests, which might be seen to be a successor to your Chautauqua.

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